Performance evaluation and engineering application of utility-model coal preparation devices
实用新型选煤装置性能评价与工程应用研究

摘要

针对选煤厂振动筛支撑和煤流转运装置在高振动、高冲击、高磨损工况下可靠性不足、维修频繁及适配性差等问题，基于8项实用新型装置的试验与工业应用数据，构建减振降噪、耐磨抗冲击、可靠性与寿命、维修便利性、经济与安全效益5维性能评价框架。结果表明：振动筛空气悬浮装置振动传递率为0.21，基础振幅降低36.5%，24 000 h等效运行后性能保持率96.8%；多级缓冲弹性支撑装置使基础振动加速度峰值降低约35%、噪声降低约8 dB(A)。煤流转运类装置中，复合耐磨衬板相对耐磨倍数为6.13、抗冲击寿命为原衬板3.15倍；模块化降噪溜槽可使主体振动峰值降低55%，单节更换时间由4 h以上缩短至15 min。研究形成了按设备负荷、冲击磨损强度和投资维护条件进行分级选型的工程应用模式，为选煤厂实用新型装置评价、改造与推广提供参考。

Abstract

To address the insufficient reliability, frequent maintenance and poor adaptability of vibrating-screen supports and coal-flow transfer devices under high-vibration, high-impact and high-wear conditions, a five-dimensional evaluation framework covering vibration/noise reduction, wear/impact resistance, reliability/life, maintainability, and economic/safety benefits was established based on the test and industrial application data of eight utility-model devices. The air-suspension support exhibited a vibration transmissibility of 0.21, a 36.5% reduction in foundation amplitude and a performance retention of 96.8% after an equivalent 24,000 h test. A multistage mechanical elastic support reduced the peak foundation vibration acceleration by about 35% and noise by about 8 dB(A). For coal-flow transfer devices, the composite liner achieved 6.13 times the wear resistance and 3.15 times the impact life of the original liner; the modular noise-reduction chute reduced the peak structural vibration by 55% and shortened single-section replacement from more than 4 h to 15 min. A graded engineering selection mode based on load, impact/wear severity and maintenance-investment constraints was proposed.