Research and explore the high-speed railway safe driving behavior of drivers
高速铁路驾驶员安全驾驶行为研究及探讨

摘要

近年来，随着世界高速铁路特别是中国高速铁路的日益发展壮大，高铁的运行也存在许多安全隐患，高铁事故也发生多起。为减少和避免更多高铁安全事故的发生，亟需构建一套科学完整、高可靠度的高速列车安全保障体系。首先，通过分析国内外高速铁路典型事故案例，构建了高速列车安全保障体系框架，并简要分析讨论了人、车、路和环境四个因素的组成及其之间的内在联系。通过查阅洛阳铁路分局和大同机务段有关时段事故资料，以及世界主要发达国家铁路事故资料，发现驾驶员因素占比较高。其次，着重对人的因素，特别在驾驶员素质方面，从心理和生理两个方面，进行了细致的分析和详尽的阐述，建立了驾驶员素质评价指标体系。然后，基于典型的事故案例分析与层次分析法（AHP），结合模糊综合评价模型，对驾驶员素质进行量化评估，对二级指标中的24项指标进行量化分析。最终，根据各自在目标层中的权重，评比出较为重要的三个指标。研究结果表明，年龄、动作反应时间及智力权重最高，分别为：0.107、0.058、0.058，对高铁驾驶员的安全驾驶行为影响程度最大。本文通过研究建立高速铁路驾驶员安全驾驶的素质评价体系，并分析其关键影响因素，对今后国内外高速铁路行车安全管理和指挥起着重要作用。

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed railways worldwide, particularly in China, numerous safety hazards have emerged in high-speed rail operations, leading to multiple accidents. To reduce and prevent further safety incidents, there is an urgent need to establish a scientific, comprehensive, and highly reliable safety assurance system for high-sins. Firstly, by analyzing typical domestic and international high-speed rail accident cases, a framework for the high-speed train safety assurance system was constructed, and the composition of the four factors, vehicle, track, and environment—as well as their intrinsic relationships were briefly analyzed and discussed. By reviewing accident data from the Luoyang Railway Division and Datong Locomotive Depot for relevant periods, as well as accident data from major developed countries was found that driver factors accounted for a relatively high proportion. Secondly, focusing on human factors, especially driver competence, a detailed analysis and elaboration was conducted from both psychological and physiological perspectives, establishing an evaluation index system for driver competence. Then, based on typical accident case analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP combined with a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, a quantitative assessment of driver competence was performed, involving a quantitative analysis of 24 indicators within the secondary index. Finally, based on their respective weights in the goal layer, the three most important indicators were identified. The research results indicate that age, reaction time, and intelligence have the highest weights at 0.107, 0.058, and 0.058, respectively, and have the greatest impact on the safe driving behavior of high-speed train drivers. By establishing an evaluation system for driver competence in safe driving and analyzing its key influencing factors, this study plays a significant role in the future management and command of high-speed rail operation safety both domestically and internationally.