摘要
当前我国城市发展已从增量扩张转入存量提质的城市更新“新阶段”。面对既有城市片区空间局限性大、人口结构复杂、服务设施布局盲目等痛点，传统经验导向的规划方法难以满足精细化治理需求。本文提出一种基于CIM（城市信息模型）数字底座与非负加权图（Non-negative Weighted Graph）算法的公共服务设施布局优化模型。首先，利用无人机倾斜摄影与三维激光扫描技术构建高精度“空地一体”数字底座，解决现状数据缺失问题；其次，建立多目标优化数学模型，引入步行距离、日照环境及人群热力等多维约束，求解设施布局的最优解；最后，通过工程实证表明，该方法有效提升了设施服务覆盖率与空间利用效率，公共区域能耗降低约23%，为城市更新场景下的空间微改造提供了科学的量化决策支撑。
关键词： 城市更新；公共设施布局；非负加权图；CIM；数字化规划
Abstract
My country's urban development has shifted from incremental expansion to a "new stage" of urban renewal that focuses on improving the quality of existing urban resources. Faced with challenges such as limited space, complex population structures, and haphazard layout of service facilities in existing urban areas, traditional experience-based planning methods are insufficient to meet the needs of refined governance. This paper proposes a public service facility layout optimization model based on a CIM (City Information Modeling) digital foundation and a non-negative weighted graph algorithm. First, a high-precision "air-ground integrated" digital foundation is constructed using UAV oblique photography and 3D laser scanning technology to address the problem of missing current data. Second, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model is established, incorporating multi-dimensional constraints such as walking distance, solar radiation, and population thermal dynamics to solve for the optimal solution for facility layout. Finally, engineering empirical studies demonstrate that this method effectively improves facility service coverage and space utilization efficiency, reducing public area energy consumption by approximately 23%, providing scientific quantitative decision-making support for spatial micro-transformation in urban renewal scenarios.
Key words： Urban renewal; Public facility layout; Non-negative weighted graph; CIM; Digital planning
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