Research on detection of out of roundness rate of critical characteristics inside pressure vessels
压力容器内部关键特征失圆率的检测研究

摘要

失圆率作为压力容器的一个关键参数，对其产品质量和安全性能有着显著影响，目前在实际中检验困难，精度不高。采用先进光电测距技术获取压力容器内部空间数据，且关键在于运用容器截面非平行轴的方式解决该问题。通过将高精度的测距传感器，搭载于一根可伸入容器内部的测量杆上，旋转一周采集数据，之后对数据进行投影变换和最小二乘法拟合，得到压力容器筒体截面。变换后数据找到最大内径差，从而计算出失圆率。实际工况测量中误差在0.1%左右。相较于现有的钢卷尺和千分尺测量，精度和效率都显著提高，为压力容器失圆率的检验问题提供了一种新的解决办法，同时为压力容器内部空间的数字孪生提供了精确的数据基础。

Abstract

The out-of-roundness, a crucial parameter of pressure vessels, significantly impacts their product quality and safety performance. Currently, its inspection in practice faces difficulties and lacks precision. Advanced photoelectric ranging technology is employed to acquire spatial data within pressure vessels, with a pivotal solution lying in addressing the issue through non-parallel axis measurement of vessel cross-sections. This approach involves mounting high-precision ranging sensors on a measuring rod that can be inserted into the vessel interior, rotating the rod once to collect data, and subsequently applying projection transformation and least squares fitting to the data to obtain the cylinder cross-section of the pressure vessel. The transformed data enable the identification of the maximum internal diameter difference, from which the out-of-roundness is calculated. In actual operating conditions, the measurement error is approximately 0.1%. Compared to existing methods using steel tapes and micrometers, this approach significantly enhances both precision and efficiency, offering a novel solution to the inspection of out-of-roundness in pressure vessels. Furthermore, it provides an accurate data foundation for the digital twinning of internal spaces within pressure vessels.