摘要
在岩石工程中，岩性差异对掘进爆破效率具有显著影响。通过在花岗岩、石灰岩和砂岩等典型岩性条件下开展对比试验，系统分析了爆破参数、块度分布、装药利用率以及掘进速度等关键指标。结果表明，硬脆岩性表现出爆破后块度大、掘进效率低的特征，而中硬岩性在能量传递与岩体破碎之间达到较佳平衡，整体效率较高。软质岩石虽易于破碎，但能耗与药量利用率偏低，影响施工经济性。研究明确了不同岩性条件下爆破效果的规律性特征，为工程中爆破参数优化和施工方案选择提供了参考依据。
关键词： 岩性条件；掘进爆破；对比试验；爆破效率
Abstract
In rock engineering, variations in lithological conditions significantly influence tunneling blasting efficiency. Through comparative experiments conducted under typical rock types including granite, limestone, and sandstone, this study systematically analyzed key indicators such as blasting parameters, block size distribution, charge utilization rate, and tunneling speed. Results indicate that hard brittle rocks exhibit characteristics of large blasted blocks and low tunneling efficiency post-blasting, while medium-hard rock types achieve optimal balance between energy transfer and rock fragmentation, demonstrating higher overall efficiency. Although soft rocks are easier to fracture, their lower energy consumption and charge utilization rates negatively impact construction cost-effectiveness. The research clarifies the regular patterns of blasting effectiveness under different lithological conditions, providing a reference for optimizing blasting parameters and selecting construction plans in engineering practice.
Key words： Lithological conditions; Tunneling blasting; Comparative experiments; Blasting efficiency
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