摘要
公益林冠层结构通过调控降水分配、拦截缓冲及微环境调节，直接影响水源涵养功能的发挥。冠层郁闭度、叶面积指数、垂直分层等结构参数的不合理配置，会降低降水截留效率，加剧地表径流与土壤侵蚀。通过科学修剪、树种混交配置等优化措施，可调整冠层的空间异质性，增强对降水的分层拦截能力，延长雨水在冠层的滞留时间，促进水分入渗。同时，优化后的冠层能改善林下光照与湿度条件，提升枯落物分解速率和土壤持水性能，形成“冠层-枯落物-土壤”协同作用的水源涵养体系，为区域水资源安全提供生态保障。
关键词： 公益林；冠层结构；结构优化；水源涵养；降水截留
Abstract
The canopy structure of public welfare forests directly affects the performance of water conservation functions by regulating precipitation distribution, interception and buffering, and microenvironment adjustment. Unreasonable configuration of structural parameters such as canopy closure, leaf area index, and vertical stratification will reduce precipitation interception efficiency and aggravate surface runoff and soil erosion. Through optimization measures such as scientific pruning and mixed tree species configuration, the spatial heterogeneity of the canopy can be adjusted, the ability of hierarchical interception of precipitation can be enhanced, the retention time of rainwater in the canopy can be prolonged, and water infiltration can be promoted. At the same time, the optimized canopy can improve the understory light and humidity conditions, increase the decomposition rate of litter and the water-holding capacity of soil, forming a "canopy-litter-soil" synergistic water conservation system, which provides an ecological guarantee for regional water resource security.
Key words： Public welfare forest; Canopy structure; Structural optimization; Water conservation; Precipitation interception
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