Comparison of control technologies for heavy metal migration in soil-plant system of rare earth mining areas
稀土矿区土壤-植物系统重金属迁移的阻控技术对比

摘要

稀土矿区土壤-植物系统中重金属的迁移会引发生态风险与食品安全问题，阻控技术的选择直接影响修复效果与成本。物理阻控技术通过隔离或固定重金属降低其生物有效性，化学技术借助改良剂改变重金属形态，生物技术则利用植物或微生物吸收转化重金属。不同技术在适用场景、阻控效率、环境影响等方面存在差异：物理技术见效快但成本高，化学技术易造成二次污染，生物技术更具可持续性但周期长。对比分析各类技术的核心机制、应用条件及实际效能，可为稀土矿区重金属污染治理提供科学选择依据，对推动矿区生态修复与可持续发展具有重要价值。

Abstract

The migration of heavy metals in the soil-plant system of rare earth mining areas can trigger ecological risks and food safety issues, and the selection of control technologies directly affects the remediation effect and cost. Physical control technologies reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals through isolation or immobilization; chemical technologies alter the forms of heavy metals with modifiers; biological technologies utilize plants or microorganisms to absorb and transform heavy metals. Different technologies vary in applicable scenarios, control efficiency, and environmental impacts: physical technologies take effect quickly but with high costs; chemical technologies are prone to causing secondary pollution; biological technologies are more sustainable but require a long cycle. Comparative analysis of the core mechanisms, application conditions, and actual effectiveness of various technologies can provide a scientific basis for selecting heavy metal pollution control measures in rare earth mining areas, which is of great value for promoting ecological remediation and sustainable development of mining areas.