摘要
软土地基广泛分布于沿海及内陆湖泊周边等区域，其特殊的物理力学性质使得在工程建设中面临诸多挑战。地下水位作为影响软土地基稳定性与沉降变形的关键因素，其变化会引发一系列复杂的物理过程，进而改变地基土的应力状态与工程特性。通过理论分析、数值模拟以及实际案例验证相结合的方法，构建地下水位变化与软土地基沉降的定量关系模型，为工程实践中预测地基沉降、制定合理的地基处理与变形控制措施提供坚实的理论依据与技术支撑。
关键词： 地下水位变化；软土地基；沉降影响机制；有效应力原理；孔隙水压力
Abstract
Soft soil foundations are widely distributed in coastal and inland lake areas, where their unique physical and mechanical properties pose significant challenges in engineering construction. As a critical factor affecting the stability and settlement deformation of soft soil foundations, groundwater level changes trigger complex physical processes that alter the stress state and engineering characteristics of foundation soils. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and practical case studies, this study establishes a quantitative relationship model between groundwater level changes and soft soil foundation settlement. This provides solid theoretical and technical support for predicting foundation settlement and formulating reasonable foundation treatment and deformation control measures in engineering practice.
Key words： Groundwater level changes; Soft soil foundation; Settlement impact mechanism; Effective stress principle; Pore water pressure
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