摘要
混凝土的抗渗透性能是其耐久性能的重要组成部分，它直接关系到混凝土结构在长期使用过程中抵抗水分、气体、化学物质等渗透的能力。这种抗渗能力对于保护混凝土内部结构、防止钢筋腐蚀、延缓老化过程以及维持结构的整体性能至关重要。随着工程应用环境的复杂性和材料需求的多样性增加，混凝土抗渗性能的研究不仅逐渐深入，也日益受到关注。本文主要介绍了影响混凝土抗氯离子性能的主要因素，包括水胶比、掺合料、养护温度、水化龄期，以及目前对混凝土抗渗性能检测方法的利弊以及原理，以便对相关试验及测试结合实际情况进行选择与预测。
关键词： 混凝土；抗氯离子渗透性能；实验装置；测试方法
Abstract
The permeability resistance of concrete is an important part of its durability, which is directly related to the ability of concrete structures to resist the penetration of moisture, gases, chemicals, etc. during long-term use. This impermeability is essential to protect the internal structure of concrete, prevent corrosion of rebar, slow down the aging process, and maintain the overall performance of the structure. With the increasing complexity of engineering application environment and the diversity of material requirements, the research on impermeability of concrete has not only gradually deepened, but also attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the main factors affecting the chloride resistance of concrete are introduced, including water-glue ratio, admixture, curing temperature, hydration age, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the current testing methods for impermeability of concrete, so as to select and predict the relevant experiments and tests in combination with the actual situation.
Key words： Concrete; Resistance to chloride permeability; Experimental setup; Test method
参考文献 References
[1] 陈喜旺.提高混凝土耐久性要重视氯离子的影响[J].江西建材,2023,(6):404.
[2] 巴恒静,张武满,邓宏卫.评价高性能混凝土耐久性综合指标——抗氯离子渗透性及其研究现状[J].混凝土, 2006,(3):3-4+14.
[3] 焦运攀,刘可心,高凡,等.港珠澳大桥人工岛隧道混凝土配制技术研究[J].新型建筑材料,2018,45(5):10-13.
[4] 董跃,胡德巧,华卫兵,等.复合胶凝材料体系对海工混凝土抗氯离子渗透性及抗压强度的影响[J].公路,2015, 60(9):214-218.
[5] 王玮琛.潮湿环境高强混凝土长期性能演变规律试验研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2017.
[6] 黄爱菊,杨博文,路鸣晓,等.引气混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能影响因素分析[J].建筑技术,2022,53(10):1307-1309.
[7] 王继博,任慧超,张涛,等.麦秸秆纤维混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能研究[J].新型建筑材料,2018,45(11):131-133+138.
[8] 李秀阳.膨润土掺量和水胶比对水工混凝土抗渗透性能的影响研究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2022,50(12):27-31.
[9] 张丽蓉.矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能及抗氯离子渗透性能研究[D].宁夏大学,2016.
[10] 吴溪.粉煤灰对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能及强度的影响[J].中国高新科技,2018,(2):23-26.
[11] 朱燕,梅华,陈佳佳.矿物掺合料与化学外加剂影响混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的试验研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35 (11):3844-3849.
[12] 朱晓映,武利强,王豪斌,等.水工混凝土氯离子渗透性影响因素研究[J].浙江水利科技,2024,52(5):43-48.
[13] 谢超,王起才,李盛,等.养护温度和水灰比对混凝土微观孔结构及抗氯离子渗透性影响研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2015, 34(12):3663-3669.
[14] 马永刚,王起才,张戎令,等.入模温度和引气剂掺量对负温下混凝土抗压强度及抗氯离子渗透性影响[J].混凝土, 2022,(2):26-30.
[15] Zhao J ,Cai G ,Gao D , et al.Influences of freeze–thaw cycle and curing time on chloride ion penetration resistance of Sulphoaluminate cement concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,53305-311.
[16] 黎碧云,刘满湖,何秀强.混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的关键影响因素[J].西部交通科技,2022,(10):41-42+64.
[17] 张磊.不同胶凝材料用量下自密实混凝土力学性能与氯离子扩散系数研究[J].江西建材,2023,(11):57-59.
[18] 施珂文,周欣竹,郑建军.养护龄期对混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响[J].建材世界,2014,35(2):23-26.
[19] 路新瀛,张华新,王晓睿.混凝土渗透性电测方法评述[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2003,(4):7-9.
[20] Hasholt T M ,Jensen M O .Chloride migration in concrete with superabsorbent polymers[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2015,55290-297.
[21] Basheer P ,Andrews R ,Robinson D , et al.‘PERMIT’ ion migration test for measuring the chloride ion transport of concrete on site[J].NDT and E International,2004,38(3): 219-229.
[22] 吴丽君,邓德华,曾志,等.RCM法测试混凝土氯离子渗透扩散性[J].混凝土,2006,(1):100-103.
[23] Nt Build 492.Concrete,mortar and cement-based repair materials:Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady-state migration experiments[M].Nordtest method,1999.
[24] 施跃毅,郭增伟,郭瑞琦.氯离子扩散系数快速测试方法综述[J].硅酸盐通报,2021,40(1):1-12.
[25] 吴晓梅.混凝土渗透性测试方法比较分析[J].水利科学与寒区工程,2019,2(4):33-38.