Research on real-time scheduling algorithm for open-pit mine trucks
露天矿山燃油卡车实时调度算法研究

摘要

运输作为智慧矿山生产过程中的纽带环节发挥着举足轻重的作用，运输成本占露天矿总成本的50%~65%，燃料消耗占总能耗的60%~72%。运输效果一方面取决于运输主要载体——卡车的质量，如运行的可靠性，智能化程度等，另一方面取决于矿卡作业的调度算法。致力于提高矿卡作业调度效果，助力实现矿山智能化和可持续化，本文主要对矿卡作业的调度算法展开研究。针对矿卡作业实时调度算法模型研究较少的情况，将卡车调度分为重车调度和空车调度，主要考虑车流规划、运输成本和卡车运行效率等影响矿山生产的因素，为了验证调度模型的效果，通过MATLAB软件仿真，利用遗传算法求解一个班次内的调度结果与最大卡车法、最早装卸法和车流规划法比较来评价调度算法优劣。对比各调度方案效果指标，本文调度方案目标函数中考虑运输成本后，相较于最大卡车法和车流规划法，每吨矿物运输成本有效降低，并且在车流规划耦合度，运输能力方面表现突出。

Abstract

Transportation plays a crucial role as a link in the production process of smart mines, with transportation costs accounting for 50% to 65% of the total cost of open-pit mines and fuel consumption accounting for 60% to 72% of the total energy consumption. The transportation effect depends on the quality of the main carrier of transportation - trucks, such as the reliability and intelligence of operation, and on the scheduling algorithm of mining truck operations. Dedicated to improving the scheduling efficiency of mining truck operations and helping to achieve intelligent and sustainable mining, this article mainly conducts research on scheduling algorithms for mining truck operations. In response to the lack of research on real-time scheduling algorithm models for mining truck operations, truck scheduling is divided into heavy truck scheduling and empty truck scheduling, mainly considering factors that affect mining production such as traffic flow planning, transportation costs, and truck operating efficiency. In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheduling model, MATLAB software simulation is used to solve the scheduling results within a shift using genetic algorithm and the maximum truck method Compare the earliest loading and unloading method with the vehicle flow planning method to evaluate the superiority and inferiority of scheduling algorithms. Comparing the performance indicators of various scheduling schemes, considering transportation costs in the objective function of this article's scheduling scheme, compared to the maximum truck method and traffic flow planning method, the transportation cost per ton of minerals is effectively reduced, and it performs outstandingly in the coupling degree of traffic flow planning, transportation capacity.